mantasisg
Registered
TL;DR - just geeking out, sharing thoughts of attempting to understand tires. If you are interested in understanding tires welcome to read, I hope I didn't make myself hard to understand what I mean in here.
Note. Thats not teaching or demonstrating expertise here, I am just interested in understanding stuff. If you disagree with something or find a mistake of some sort logic flaw, then feel free to contribute. It is not meant to be scientific.
Most of stuff I did not invent, except that remaining part of static contact patch at heavy slip angles might experience load sensitivity effect, whic hI honestly just don't know if it is true, just makes sense to me.
In my thinking the main thing that slip curve does is describing how much of a tire contact patch is in static postion and how much in sliding position in reference to the surface. And of course plotting out change of tire performance according to that. Which ultimately is easier to plot down to angle for practical use, but physically the angle does not describe what tire actually does and how friction gets composed.
I was thinking on some analogy recently to illustrate principles of how slip angle influences the capabilities of tire. And I thought maybe two forces lifting an object, for example a beam could work. Two forces are static friction of tire, which is stronger force, and sliding friction of tire which is lower.
Lets say static friction will be represented by 1000N lifting force (at its maximum), and sliding friction will be represented by 600N of lifting force (at its maximum) acting to a single point of a beam at certain position to illustrate significance of area in contact patch of tire. And lets say the weight of the beam is maximum cornering force (because of maximum friction) of a tire, which is 1400N.
Lifting the beam is analogy to taking a corner, so heavier beam means greater cornering force demand.
So how does it work ? All numbers are just for general idea.
_________________________________________ < thats a 1400N weight beam
____________________^1kN <this is a 1000N lifting force
**********************
Slip angle is barely more than 0
_________________________________________
____________________^1kN________________^0.001kN
Beam rests on. Car is either driving straight or barely moving either.
**********************
Slip angle is introduced
_________________________________________
________________^1kN ___________________^0.1kN
An effort to lift a beam begins. Like effort to steer a car begins, tire relaxation length is not taken into account. As slip angle increases significance of sliding friction increases. Bigger portion of contact patch is sliding, non sliding contact patch area is reducing.
**********************
End of linear range of slip curve
_________________________________________
______________^0.99kN______________^0.25kN
Effort to lift a beam keep on increasing (Just like effort to steer a car), a main lifting force reduces a little as new additional force gets better position. Sliding area of tire contact patch keeps on increasing. Rubber load sensitivity starts kicking in the remaining static friction area, could it be the case ?
**********************
Near the end of transitional range of slip curve, close to frictional range start.
_________________________________________
_______^0.92kN_________________^0.52kN
As the tire friction peaks, the lifting power of the beam in this analogy is at its highest, and beam is lifted and held. Car holds on constant turning radius at constant speed.
**********************
Soon after start of frictional range.
_________________________________________
_____^0.85kN_______________^0.55kN
In analogy peak power already started reducing, but still enough to hold the beam. In car handling this is threshold point at where the car begins to feel unstable.
**********************
Further into frictional range
_________________________________________
___^0.4kN________________^0.58kN
Non sliding part of the tire contact patch now has almost disappeared. The net force supporting the beam up is too low and only works as deceleration for falling beam which is of course is pulled down by gravity. In case of cornering vehicle, or a wheel which supports portion of cars weight, it would be its inertia that tries to make it go straight.
**********************
Far into frictional range
_________________________________________
^0.0kN_______________^0.6kN
None of static friction is working anymore, contact patch is at absolute slide. Worth to mention that sliding friction might get reduced further due to heating and it also depends on sliding velocity. In case for the beam to stop falling in this analogy (which would be for a car to stop sliding). Beam needs to be unloaded (speed of cornering reduced or cornering radius) or slip angles reduced (car straightened). It is good thing that sliding friction of a tire slows it down so technically the "falling beam" gets lighter as it falls, but sliding friction can possibly reduce faster than that at high speed of sliding or very late appropriate influence from a driver, such as wrong late adjustments of load distribution and slip angles, slip ratios and speed.
By the way, driving force and braking force are not included here. Obviously with them in a mix tires cornering capabilities decrease.
I hope it is easy to see that the higher the difference between sliding friction and static friction, the more dramatic the frictional limit range will be, the more it will require of drivers concentration and less play will be allowed. Thats the main thing that we keep on arguing all the time, how easy it should be ? Naturally high friction is easy, but great loss of friction is not. Although the progressiveness is as important as the peaks and lows of the slip curve. In my thinking things that takes tire towards the "difficult" direction are: initial sliding area of tire (wider tire has lesser initial sliding contact patch area, drops away faster), tire flexibility (stiffer tire - less play, drops away faster), tread flexibility (stiffer tread - less play, drops away faster), and more things such as rim width, sidewalls....
Note. Thats not teaching or demonstrating expertise here, I am just interested in understanding stuff. If you disagree with something or find a mistake of some sort logic flaw, then feel free to contribute. It is not meant to be scientific.
Most of stuff I did not invent, except that remaining part of static contact patch at heavy slip angles might experience load sensitivity effect, whic hI honestly just don't know if it is true, just makes sense to me.
In my thinking the main thing that slip curve does is describing how much of a tire contact patch is in static postion and how much in sliding position in reference to the surface. And of course plotting out change of tire performance according to that. Which ultimately is easier to plot down to angle for practical use, but physically the angle does not describe what tire actually does and how friction gets composed.
I was thinking on some analogy recently to illustrate principles of how slip angle influences the capabilities of tire. And I thought maybe two forces lifting an object, for example a beam could work. Two forces are static friction of tire, which is stronger force, and sliding friction of tire which is lower.
Lets say static friction will be represented by 1000N lifting force (at its maximum), and sliding friction will be represented by 600N of lifting force (at its maximum) acting to a single point of a beam at certain position to illustrate significance of area in contact patch of tire. And lets say the weight of the beam is maximum cornering force (because of maximum friction) of a tire, which is 1400N.
Lifting the beam is analogy to taking a corner, so heavier beam means greater cornering force demand.
So how does it work ? All numbers are just for general idea.
_________________________________________ < thats a 1400N weight beam
____________________^1kN <this is a 1000N lifting force
**********************
Slip angle is barely more than 0
_________________________________________
____________________^1kN________________^0.001kN
Beam rests on. Car is either driving straight or barely moving either.
**********************
Slip angle is introduced
_________________________________________
________________^1kN ___________________^0.1kN
An effort to lift a beam begins. Like effort to steer a car begins, tire relaxation length is not taken into account. As slip angle increases significance of sliding friction increases. Bigger portion of contact patch is sliding, non sliding contact patch area is reducing.
**********************
End of linear range of slip curve
_________________________________________
______________^0.99kN______________^0.25kN
Effort to lift a beam keep on increasing (Just like effort to steer a car), a main lifting force reduces a little as new additional force gets better position. Sliding area of tire contact patch keeps on increasing. Rubber load sensitivity starts kicking in the remaining static friction area, could it be the case ?
**********************
Near the end of transitional range of slip curve, close to frictional range start.
_________________________________________
_______^0.92kN_________________^0.52kN
As the tire friction peaks, the lifting power of the beam in this analogy is at its highest, and beam is lifted and held. Car holds on constant turning radius at constant speed.
**********************
Soon after start of frictional range.
_________________________________________
_____^0.85kN_______________^0.55kN
In analogy peak power already started reducing, but still enough to hold the beam. In car handling this is threshold point at where the car begins to feel unstable.
**********************
Further into frictional range
_________________________________________
___^0.4kN________________^0.58kN
Non sliding part of the tire contact patch now has almost disappeared. The net force supporting the beam up is too low and only works as deceleration for falling beam which is of course is pulled down by gravity. In case of cornering vehicle, or a wheel which supports portion of cars weight, it would be its inertia that tries to make it go straight.
**********************
Far into frictional range
_________________________________________
^0.0kN_______________^0.6kN
None of static friction is working anymore, contact patch is at absolute slide. Worth to mention that sliding friction might get reduced further due to heating and it also depends on sliding velocity. In case for the beam to stop falling in this analogy (which would be for a car to stop sliding). Beam needs to be unloaded (speed of cornering reduced or cornering radius) or slip angles reduced (car straightened). It is good thing that sliding friction of a tire slows it down so technically the "falling beam" gets lighter as it falls, but sliding friction can possibly reduce faster than that at high speed of sliding or very late appropriate influence from a driver, such as wrong late adjustments of load distribution and slip angles, slip ratios and speed.
By the way, driving force and braking force are not included here. Obviously with them in a mix tires cornering capabilities decrease.
I hope it is easy to see that the higher the difference between sliding friction and static friction, the more dramatic the frictional limit range will be, the more it will require of drivers concentration and less play will be allowed. Thats the main thing that we keep on arguing all the time, how easy it should be ? Naturally high friction is easy, but great loss of friction is not. Although the progressiveness is as important as the peaks and lows of the slip curve. In my thinking things that takes tire towards the "difficult" direction are: initial sliding area of tire (wider tire has lesser initial sliding contact patch area, drops away faster), tire flexibility (stiffer tire - less play, drops away faster), tread flexibility (stiffer tread - less play, drops away faster), and more things such as rim width, sidewalls....
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